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Company's strategic change due to merger or acquisition
Smolíková, Lenka ; Rais, Karel (advisor)
The dissertation’s subject matter is mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”). The reason standing behind the dissertation is the ever growing number of announced M&A transactions around the world. The research shows why M&A are important for the company management and why managers today see them as one of the greatest challenges. The work includes a chapter dedicated to the history of M&A and its current state, which has been affected by the financial crisis. One of the main objectives of the dissertation is to connect the economic and legal views on M&A. The work confronts theoretical knowledge with actual M&A cases. In order to provide a clearer understanding of M&A, cases of both successful and unsuccessful M&A transactions in various industries are described. The dissertation includes a detailed description of the specific stages in the M&A process. It deals with the preparatory stage, due diligence, implementation, and the subsequent integration of the two and more merged companies. The dissertation also provides evaluation of the individual stages’ importance. Special attention is given to the most frequent problems occurring during the entire M&A process: human resources and the integration process. In addition, the dissertation responds to the changes in economic environment that took place between the economic boom, at the beginning of the millennium, and the recession that commenced in autumn 2008. It also shows possible future developments in M&A. The dissertation was based on a review of the existing secondary sources; on primary research in companies with experience in M&A, and on collaboration with the tutor and other experts in the M&A field. On the grounds of secondary sources review, primary research, and discussions with experts, a guide on how to successfully implement an M&A transaction was prepared. The dissertation is to serve for didactic purposes in educating future managers, as a guide for companies’ management which implement M&A transaction, and should provide a basis for further research and scientific work in the M&A field. The dissertation’s conclusion evaluates hypotheses formulated prior to its elaboration.
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Vztah výše prémií akvizic (Acquisition Premium) a klíčových ekonomických ukazatelů
Schmied, Richard
This bachelor thesis examines whether investors are willing to pay a higher price (acquisition premium) for the companies they buy in times of economic growth. Using a correlation analysis, performed on a sample of data between 2004 and 2021, the author of the thesis rejected the dependence of the above time series of acquisition premiums and the development of the economy, expressed by the time series of changes in gross domestic product. The thesis also points out the real determinants of the level of acquisition premiums, such as the size of the company or operational synergies within the company. The author further finds that in times of economic crisis (caused by COVID-19 pandemic) these time series are correlated with each other. He notes that this finding may prove to be a direction for future research in this area. Furthermore, the author mentions possible shortcomings of the paper due to the limited data set. This bachelor thesis can serve as an insight into the issue of acquisitions in the future and the author recommends further research into the above-mentioned phenomena.
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Financial legal aspects of mergers and acquisirions in private equity
Ulmanová, Kristýna ; Kohajda, Michael (advisor) ; Sejkora, Tomáš (referee)
Financial legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions in private equity Abstract This diploma thesis is focused on selected financial legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions in private equity. First, it analyzes the concept of private equity as a specific area of medium-term or long-term investments made by holding companies or investment funds in the sense of Act No. 240/2013 Coll., on Management Companies and Investment Funds. The next part deals with the term of mergers and acquisitions, a contemporary phenomenon, in the context of the Czech legal system. This part of the thesis further describes the individual steps of the standard acquisition process. This is followed by another section dedicated to derivatives. The diploma thesis first introduces the general characteristics of derivatives, followed by topics such as accounting of derivatives, introduction of embedded derivatives, characteristics of equity derivatives and then by the practical part, which deals with mechanisms in transaction documentation fulfilling the features of the embedded derivatives. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the European regulation of derivatives, specifically the Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) No. 648/2012, on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories and unclear issues...
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Analysis of Effects of the European Monetary Union on Merger and Acquisition Activity in Europe
Přerovský, David ; Novák, Jiří (advisor) ; Nechvátalová, Lenka (referee)
Analysis of Effects of the European Monetary Union on Merger and Acquisition Activity in Europe David Přerovský Abstract The aim of this thesis is to, firstly, analyze effects of the creation of the European Monetary Union (EMU) on cross-border merger and acquisition activity in Europe, and, secondly, to investigate whether joining the EMU after it had been established results in higher M&A activity. Our research utilizes the difference-in-differences and difference in difference in differences approaches in which we compare aggregate M&A activity in new adopters of the euro to that of a control country, whose aggregate M&A activity had followed a similar trend up until the adoption. These methods allow us to account for country-specific trends in M&A activity and the for the phenomenon of M&A waves. Our results show no evidence that creation of the EMU caused higher M&A activity among the members or higher M&A activity in general. For later joiners, no evidence of higher M&A activity as a result of adopting the euro is found either.
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Legal Aspects of Corporate Acquisitions
Korger, Matěj ; Kohajda, Michael (advisor) ; Sejkora, Tomáš (referee)
Legal Aspects of Corporate Acquisitions The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide an analysis of significant economic and legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions in the Czech Republic, as well as to point out some specifics of the Czech market and describe loan acquisition financing in terms of financial law. The theoretical findings are then applied to a specific acquisition, which is still ongoing in 2020. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two sections. In the first, the thesis focuses on the analysis of growth strategies of companies that can be implemented in the current conditions of the market economy. Strategies are described here and then compared with one another. This part of the thesis also contains a comparison of the concepts of mergers and acquisitions, as they are often confused in practice. Here, the thesis also lists the typologies of both mergers and acquisitions that are commonly used. The second section of the theoretical part of the thesis provides an introduction to loan acquisition financing and the so-called leveraged buyout. The thesis outlines the method of loan acquisition financing together with some findings of financial theory regarding loan as such and loan law. On the contrary, the practical part of the thesis is conceived somewhat differently,...
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The Effect of M&A on Competitors' Performance in China and the US
Wojnarová, Renáta ; Kukačka, Jiří (advisor) ; Teplý, Petr (referee)
We examine the effect of merger announcements on the stock performance of acquirers' industry rivals in the context of Chinese and US deals between 1994 and 2017. Our analysis reveals that investors of rivals are able to earn abnormal returns during days around merger announcement, meaning that markets are not fully efficient as implied by the Efficient market hypothesis. We conclude that in a reaction to the announcement, US rivals achieve generally negative abnormal returns with higher magnitude and volatility compared to Chinese rivals. Additionally, we observe that Chinese investors' perception of mergers turned out to be more conservative after the Global financial crisis. During days around the merger announcement, signs of rivals' abnormal returns also differ on whether the target is public or private in both countries. Rivals operating in industries that are substantially supported by Chinese government such as real estate, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals experience positive reaction on mergers of their competitors. Furthermore, we find that industries with increasing im- portance in Chinese developing economy such as banking, telecommunications, and cyclical consumer products show a positive reaction of rivals' returns on merger announcements while in the developed US economy, a negative...
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Private Equity funds and their performance in the post-crisis period
Koníř, Štěpán ; Krištoufek, Ladislav (advisor) ; Kučera, Adam (referee)
The work covers the topic of private equity funds performance and attempt to identify the impact of macroeconomic conditions on the entire industry. The recent central banks' actions put a question about the impact of changes in interest rates on the private equity funds performance. With the sample of 100 observations provided by Cambridge Associates, we identified the significant negative effect of prevailing low interest rates on the growth of private equity funds performance. We further attempt to answer the question, whether private equity funds operating in post-crisis years has on average higher growth rate, however, we could not provide the answer as we failed to reject the null, neutral effect hypothesis. Additionally, with a sample of 3092 observations provided by Bloomberg, we found that the effect of cheap debt has increased on average in the postcrisis period, predicting that the private equity performance can suffer once the interest rates rises enough.
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Determinants of the Mode of Payment in Mergers & Acquisitions in the European Union
Maryniok, Adam ; Kočenda, Evžen (advisor) ; Teplý, Petr (referee)
Topic of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is popular both in academia and financial circles and press. A great deal of research has been focused on the value creation side of M&A deals, nonetheless factors influencing the particular method of payment used in M&A transactions are equally interesting. This thesis focuses on number of factors influencing the choice of medium of exchange in M&A deals with European Union domiciled bidders. Using Bayesian model averaging and a relatively new dataset of transactions announced between 2010 and 2018, the analysis finds several bidder, target and deal specific characteristics to be of a provable effect on the choice of payment. Finally, several enhancements and research questions for a further research are identified.
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The Impact of Mergers and Acquisition Activity on the Time Series Variation in the Stock Size Premium
Kaplan, Robert ; Novák, Jiří (advisor) ; Geršl, Adam (referee)
This work studies whether intertemporal variation in future takeover activity explains intertemporal changes in stock size premium. Taking into account that takeover activity involves 2-9% of firms every year and building upon existing research stating that small firms are more likely takeover targets, receive 40% higher takeover premium than large firms, we argue that small firms benefit from high takeover activity more than large firms and size premium should be more pronounced in the time of high takeover activity. We study takeover activity as well as stock size premium on aggregate level and test whether size premium can be explained by the expected takeover activity, i.e. its change compared to past. We find that change in takeover activity in the next six months versus last six months is positively correlated with size premium. Additionally, we construct a simple predictive model for estimating future takeover activity. The relation between size premium and change in takeover activity remains significant when we use forecasted values given by the predictive model instead of true future values in the model.
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